Not all UV light is the same

Ultraviolet light exists on a spectrum. Conventional germicidal UV (254nm) is highly effective at killing pathogens — but it's also dangerous to human skin and eyes, which is why it can only be used in empty rooms.

222nm Far-UVC is different. At this specific wavelength, the light is absorbed by proteins in the outermost layer of human skin and the tear layer of the eye before it can cause damage. But bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms — which are far smaller — are penetrated and destroyed.

This creates a unique window: effective disinfection that can happen continuously, in occupied spaces, without harming the people inside.

Conventional UV (254nm)
Dangerous to humans
Cannot be used in occupied spaces
Far-UVC (222nm)
Safe for humans
Effective in occupied spaces

Why 222nm is safe for people

The key is penetration depth. 222nm light has a very short mean free path in biological tissue — it's completely absorbed within the outermost dead cell layer of skin (the stratum corneum) and the aqueous layer of the eye.

It simply cannot reach living cells. This has been confirmed in multiple peer-reviewed studies, including a landmark 66-week chronic exposure study at Columbia University that found no evidence of skin cancer or abnormalities after continuous 222nm exposure.

ACGIH / ICNIRP Safety Limits at 222nm

161 mJ/m²
Eyes (per day)
479 mJ/m²
Skin (per day)

Well-designed 222nm devices operate well within these limits during normal use.

What it kills — and how well

222nm Far-UVC has demonstrated efficacy against a broad spectrum of airborne pathogens in peer-reviewed research:

  • SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) — 99.9%+ inactivation in room-sized chamber studies
  • Influenza A (H1N1) — effectively inactivated at low doses
  • Drug-resistant bacteria (MRSA, C. auris) — proven efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains
  • Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) — inactivated at clinically relevant doses in aerosol studies
  • RSV and common cold viruses — broad-spectrum effectiveness across respiratory pathogens
  • Seasonal coronaviruses — demonstrated inactivation consistent with other enveloped viruses

The mechanism is the same as all UV disinfection: photons damage the nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) of microorganisms, preventing replication. At 222nm, this happens efficiently because pathogens lack the thick protein coat that protects human cells.

Key research institutions

The science behind 222nm Far-UVC has been developed and validated by leading research institutions over the past decade:

Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Pioneering work on Far-UVC safety and efficacy, including multi-year chronic exposure studies and airborne pathogen inactivation.
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Modeling and simulation studies on Far-UVC effectiveness in realistic indoor environments.
Kobe University (Japan)
Foundational research on 222nm wavelength safety, including ocular and dermal exposure studies.
University of St Andrews (UK)
Aerosol studies confirming Far-UVC inactivation of airborne pathogens under real-world conditions.
"Far-UVC light at 222nm efficiently inactivates airborne human coronaviruses while remaining safe for direct human exposure."
— Nature Scientific Reports, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (2020)

Ready to learn more?

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